Soil moisture content, precipitation, Land surface temperature, solar radiation, vegetation index（NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）,snow-covered area（snow-covered area overlaid on soil moisture content map and vegetation index map）,Data of unit yield etc.（planted area of crops, production, and unit yield）

a. Weather and vegetation map by semi-month（First half of each month：1st ～15 th, Second half of each month：16th～end of the month）

b. Monthly weather and vegetation map

c. Daily Precipitation Map

d. Weekly Precipitation Map

e. Weather and vegetation graph by area

f. Weather and vegetation graph by area and time period (averages, totalized value)

g. Graphs of unit yield etc.by area and commodity

h. CSV Data（Weather and vegetation graphs by area, weather and vegetation graphs by area and time period（Average, totalized value）, Graphs of yield unit yield etc. by area and commodity）

Semi-monthly data: Data for the first half of each month (1st to 15th) will be updated sequentially from the 18th of the month (only precipitation will be updated from the 16th of the month).
　　　　　　　　 Data for the second half of each month (from the 16th to the end of the month) will be updated sequentially from the 3rd of the following month (only precipitation data will be updated from the 1st of the following month).

Monthly data: Sequentially updated from the 3rd of the following month (only precipitation is updated from the 1st of the following month)

Daily and weekly precipitation data: updated after 14:00 of the following date

Data on unit yield etc.：Updated monthly from 12th to 16th of each month (only data by U.S. state is updated annually in November)

Please note that updates may be delayed depending on the status of satellite data distribution from JAXA and other sources.

Weather and vegetation maps are mainly for overseas grain-growing areas (considered a major production area for wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans).

Soil Moisture Map, Precipitation Map: Latitude and longitude 0.1 degree mesh（Note1）

Land surface temperature map, Solar radiation map, Vegetation index map：Latitude and longitude 0.05 degree mesh（Note2）

The analysis areas in the area-specific weather and vegetation graphs are set up to cover what are considered to be the main production areas for wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans. Of all the meshes within each area, only those meshes that are considered to have cultivated area in 2018 based on land cover data (Note 3) are included in the analysis (Table 2). In addition, for some countries, such as Africa, the entire mesh of the entire country that is considered to have cultivated area in the land cover data in 2018 is set as the analysis target, regardless of the production areas of wheat, corn, and other crops.

Normal values are calculated using data for the period January 2013 through December 2019. The normal value is calculated for each mesh by averaging or summing the data for each mesh for each data item using the method shown in Table 3.（See 2(4) for the mesh of each data item.）

a 　Normal value for weather and vegetation maps

The mesh-by-mesh normal values calculated by the method in Table 3 and the mesh-by-mesh current values calculated by the method in Table 4 in the next section are used to create the comparison map against the normal.

b　 Weather and vegetation graphs by area and time-series CSV data by area for normal years

For meshes with a cultivated land area ratio greater than 0 in each analysis area, the weighted average value is calculated by weighting the normal value for each mesh calculated by the method in Table 3 by the cultivated land area ratio, using the following formula.

：Time-series data normal value by area
n：Number of effective normal value meshes (Note 6) within the effective cultivated land mesh (Note 5) in the targeted area (n>0)
CRi：Percentage data of cultivated land area for each mesh (1, 2, ..., n)
：Normal value for each mesh (1, 2, ..., n)

Note 5：Effective cultivated land mesh is a mesh with a cultivated land area ratio exceeding 0

Note 6：An effective normal value mesh is a mesh with a normal value.

The current values for each period (semi-monthly: 1st to 15th, 16th to end of month, monthly: 1st to end of month) (hereinafter referred to as "current values") are calculated by averaging or adding up the data for each mesh for each data item for each period using the method shown in Table 4.（See 2(7) for the mesh of each data item.）

a　 Current values for weather and vegetation maps

The current values for each mesh calculated by the method shown in Table 4 are color-coded on the map as they are.

b　 Current values of weather/vegetation graphs by area and time-series CSV data by area

For meshes with a cultivated land area ratio greater than 0 in each analysis area, the current value for each mesh calculated by the method in Table 4 is weighted by the cultivated land area ratio and calculated as a weighted average value using the following formula.

The data used to calculate the totalized and average values are semi-monthly data calculated by the method described in 2(10).
　Data will not be displayed if any of the following apply.

Although the current values for the most recent period are updated on the data update date, the system may not be able to obtain the satellite data file for the entire number of days for the period in question due to missing data caused by satellite operational reasons. For this reason, the number of days of satellite data that could be used in the calculation of semi-monthly current values is listed in the "Time Series CSV Data" as the "Number of days of data used".

Since the data update process is performed up to three times, including the timing of the first data update process in the period under review, the current values may change with the addition of satellite data files that can be acquired during the next and subsequent update processes.

Even when satellite data files can be obtained, mesh-by-mesh values may be missing due to cloud cover and other factors. When processing the calculation of current values, a mesh with all the daily data missing for a period of time is considered an invalid mesh and is considered a missing area, while a mesh with at least one day of daily data for a period of time is included in the calculation.

The ratio of the number of invalid meshes to the number of all valid cultivated land meshes in each analysis area is shown in the "Time Series CSV Data" as "Percentage of missing data pixels". As the "percentage of missing pixels" increases, the accuracy of the current values for the area decreases.

Soil moisture content calculated from satellite data is the volumetric moisture content (the volume percentage of water contained in the soil in a unit volume). It corresponds to soil moisture near the ground surface at a depth of a few centimeters below the surface.

The soil moisture content provided on this site is estimated by processing calculations such as removing the effect of water content of vegetation on the ground, based on observation data from AMSR-E (onboard the U.S. Aqua satellite ) and AMSR2 (onboard the JAXA GCOM-W satellite), which are a series of JAXA's microwave radiometers onboard the U.S. Aqua satellite.

Note that there are areas where it is difficult to estimate soil moisture content due to data processing (Note 8), and such areas are shown in gray on the soil moisture content map as deficient areas during the relevant period (however, snow-covered areas are shown in pink on the soil moisture content map). In addition, the soil moisture content graph by area and time series CSV data are also missing for the relevant time period.

Precipitation provided on this site is based on JAXA's GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation). GSMaP provides hourly global precipitation distribution data using observation data from multiple satellites equipped with national and international rainfall radars, microwave radiometers, and thermal infrared sensors. (GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W AMSR2, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series SSMIS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) series, Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Meteorological Operational Satellite (MetOp)series AMSU, Geostationary meteorological satellite, etc.

In some areas, observation data cannot be obtained due to radio interference. The graph of precipitation will not be displayed due to the lack of data in such locations.

Surface temperature is the temperature of the uppermost surface in contact with the atmosphere. For example, in the case of a forest, it is the temperature of the canopy surface, and on a snow-covered surface, it is the temperature of the snow surface. Note that surface temperatures cannot be calculated when the area under observation is covered by clouds. For September 2022 and beyond, the surface temperatures provided on this site are based on data from JASMES, which uses observation data from the optical sensor SGLI (mounted on JAXA's GCOM-C satellite) and is data analyzed and provided by JAXA.

If you cannot obtain observation data from SGLI, you can use MODIS (MODIS is an optical sensor). sensor MODIS (onboard the U.S. Terra satellite) during the daytime (10:30 a.m.) to compensate for the missing data. If neither observation data can be obtained, the data is deficient; before August 2022, only MODIS observation data is used.

In the case of September 2022 and after, the solar radiation data provided on this site is based on the JASMES data provided by JAXA using the daily observation data of the optical sensor SGLI (onboard JAXA's GCOM-C satellite). If SGLI observation data cannot be obtained, data from either of the Terra or Aqua satellites are used to fill in the missing data. In the case that SGLI observation data is not available and data from either Terra or Aqua satellite is not available, the missing data is calculated as the average of daily mean values of solar radiation calculated from the MODIS observation data of each of Terra and Aqua. Prior to August 2022, only MODIS observations were used (SGLI was used only for April 2022)

For September 2022 and beyond, the vegetation indices (NDVI) provided on this site are based on data from JASMES, which is data analyzed and provided by JAXA using daily observation data from the optical sensor SGLI (onboard JAXA's GCOM-C satellite). Prior to August 2022, the data are analyzed and provided by JAXA using the data of the optical sensor, MODIS (onboard the U.S. Terra and Aqua satellites), and calculated using data from "JASMES", a data analysis and provisioning service by JAXA, using daily observation data from MODIS onboard Terra and Aqua, respectively.

The vegetation index (NDVI) is between minus 1.0 and 1.0. However, since negative values are considered to be in areas such as water bodies and snow-covered areas, they are shown in gray as missing areas on the vegetation index (NDVI) map for the relevant time period (however, snow-covered areas are shown in pink on the vegetation index (NDVI) map). In addition, vegetation indices cannot be calculated if the area to be observed is covered by clouds.

In the calculation of the vegetation index (NDVI) for each analysis area, if the "percentage of missing data pixels" in the area is high due to snow cover, etc., the number of samples may be small and the representative value for the analysis area may not be calculated appropriately. For this reason, the "Percentage of Pixels with Missing Data" is considered missing if it is 80% or more.

Snow covered area is the place covered with snow.

The snow coverage area provided on this site for September 2022 and beyond is shown in pink on the Soil Moisture Map and the Vegetation Index Map using the JASMES, which is the data provided by JAXA based on the daily observation data from the SGLI optical sensor (onboard JAXA’s GCOM-C satellite). Before August 2022, the data is shown in pink on the Soil Moisture Map and the Vegetation Index Map using the JASMES, which is the data provided by JAXA based on the observation data from MODIS‘s optical sensor onboard the two U.S. satellites, Terra and Aqua.

In the area with high elevation, low temperature and high cloud cover, it is difficult to distinguish snow cover. Therefore, there will be the false case to display snow covered area even tropical areas where there is no snow cover.

Data of unit yield and other data refer to planted area of crops, production volume, and unit yield.
　PSD's Area Harvested is used for planted area of crops, PSD's Production for production, and PSD's Yield for unit yield.

Please note that since PSD data is updated from time to time, the latest data may not be reflected in JASMAI. In particular, please note that JASMAI updates its data by U.S. state only once a year.

If the target crop is not planted in the selected area, the graph on yield etc. will not be displayed.

The purpose and method of use of this site are left to the discretion and responsibility of the user, and neither MAFF nor JAXA will be involved in any way.

The user shall be solely responsible for any and all damages incurred by the user or any third party as a result of using this site for any reason whatsoever, and neither MAFF nor JAXA shall be liable for any such damages.

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【How to clearly indicate the source of the information when using them】

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